# Related Documents | Cloud methodology
Source: https://greenpixie.com/docs/methodology/cloud/related-documents

Standards, research, and sources referenced by the methodology.

## Greenpixie Methodologies [#greenpixie-methodologies]

* Greenpixie, [*Methodology for Cloud AI Token Inference Energy, Carbon, and Water Measurement*](/methodology/ai).
* Greenpixie, [*Methodology for Cloud Compute Energy Measurement*](/methodology/cloud-compute).
* Greenpixie, [*Methodology for Cloud Embodied Emissions Measurement*](/methodology/cloud-embodied-emissions).
* Greenpixie, [*Methodology for Regional Carbon, Energy, and Water Factors*](/methodology/grid).

## Standards and Protocols [#standards-and-protocols]

* World Resources Institute and WBCSD, *The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard*, Revised Edition, 2004.
* World Resources Institute, *GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance: An Amendment to the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard*, 2015.
* World Resources Institute and WBCSD, *Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard*, 2011.
* World Resources Institute and WBCSD, *Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard*, 2011.
* International Organization for Standardization, *ISO 14064-1:2018*.
* International Organization for Standardization, *ISO 14064-3:2019*.

## Regulatory Sources [#regulatory-sources]

* European Parliament and Council of the European Union, *Directive (EU) 2022/2464 as regards corporate sustainability reporting (Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive)*, 2022.
* HM Government (UK), *Environmental Reporting Guidelines: Including Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting Guidance*, 2019.
* Securities and Exchange Commission (US), *The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors*, 2024.
* United States Environmental Protection Agency, *Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidance: Indirect Emissions from Purchased Electricity*, 2016.

## Lifecycle Assessment and Embodied Emissions [#lifecycle-assessment-and-embodied-emissions]

* Boavizta, *Manifesto & Vision*, accessed 2024.
* Boavizta, *BoaviztAPI: component impact factors (`factors.yml`), crowdsourced DRAM and NAND density tables and GPU component model*, accessed September 2026.
* Gröger, J. et al., *Green Cloud Computing: Lebenszyklusbasierte Datenerhebung zu Umweltwirkungen des Cloudcomputing*, Umweltbundesamt (German Federal Environment Agency), TEXTE 94/2021, 2021.
* Gupta, U. et al., *ACT: Designing Sustainable Computer Systems with an Architectural Carbon Modeling Tool*, ISCA 2022, DOI 10.1145/3470496.3527408, 2022.
* Dell Technologies, *Life Cycle Assessment of Dell PowerEdge R740*, thinkstep, 2019, accessed via the Wayback Machine, September 2026.
* Dell Technologies, *Life Cycle Assessment of Dell PowerEdge R6515, R7515, R6525 and R7525*, Sphera, accessed via the Wayback Machine, September 2026.
* NVIDIA, *NVIDIA HGX H100 Product Carbon Footprint Summary*, ISO 14067 reviewed, accessed September 2026.
* NVIDIA, *NVIDIA HGX B200 Product Carbon Footprint Summary*, accessed September 2026.
* Falk, J. et al., *More than Carbon: Cradle-to-Grave Environmental Impacts of GenAI Training on the NVIDIA A100 GPU*, arXiv:2509.00093, 2025.
* TechInsights, *Micron 176L 3D NAND analysis*, *Comparison of the latest 3D NAND products from YMTC, Samsung, SK hynix and Micron* (January 2023), *YMTC 232L 3D NAND teardown* (2022) and *Industry-leading DDR5 technology*, accessed September 2026.
* TechPowerUp, *CPU Database* and *GPU Database*, accessed September 2026.
* Seagate, *Exos X18 Product Sustainability Report* and *Nytro 1551 Product Sustainability Report*, UL verified, accessed September 2026.
* Seagate, *Understanding Life Cycle Assessment and Embodied Carbon*, accessed May 2025.
* Cisco, *N9324C-SE1U Smart Switch Life Cycle Assessment*, WSP, ISO 14040 aligned, 2025.

## Data Centre Efficiency and Energy [#data-centre-efficiency-and-energy]

* Shehabi, A. et al., *2024 United States Data Center Energy Usage Report*, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2024.
* Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation, *SPECpower\_ssj2008*, 2008.

## Cloud Provider Sources [#cloud-provider-sources]

* Amazon Web Services, *AWS Cloud Sustainability*, accessed March 2025.
* Amazon Web Services, *AWS Documentation*, accessed May 2026.
* Amazon Web Services, *AWS Pricing Pages*, accessed May 2026.
* Amazon Web Services, *AWS On Air*, YouTube channel, accessed May 2026.
* Amazon Web Services, *AWS re:Invent*, conference presentations, accessed May 2026.
* Google Cloud, *Datacentre Efficiency*, accessed March 2025.
* Google Cloud, *Google Environmental Report*, accessed May 2025.
* Google Cloud, *Google Cloud Documentation*, accessed May 2026.
* Google Cloud, *Google Cloud Pricing*, accessed May 2026.
* Google Cloud, *Google Cloud Tech*, YouTube channel, accessed May 2026.
* Google Cloud, *Google Cloud Next*, conference presentations, accessed May 2026.
* Microsoft Azure, *How Microsoft Measures Datacenter Water and Energy Use to Improve Azure Cloud Sustainability*, accessed March 2025.
* Microsoft Azure, *Measuring Energy and Water Efficiency for Microsoft Datacenters*, accessed March 2025.
* Microsoft Azure, *Azure Documentation*, accessed May 2026.
* Microsoft Azure, *Azure Pricing*, accessed May 2026.
* Microsoft Azure, *Microsoft Azure*, YouTube channel, accessed May 2026.
* Microsoft Azure, *Microsoft Ignite and Microsoft Build*, conference presentations, accessed May 2026.

## Water [#water]

* Li, Pengfei et al., *Making AI Less "Thirsty": Uncovering and Addressing the Secret Water Footprint of AI Models*, arXiv:2304.03271, 2023.
* World Resources Institute, *Guidance for Calculating Water Use Embedded in Purchased Electricity*, 2020.

## Other Sources [#other-sources]

* Thunder Said Energy, *Energy Intensity of Fiber Optic Cables?*, accessed March 2025.
* Intel, *Ethernet Network Adapter E810-CQDA1/CQDA2 Product Brief*, accessed March 2025.