Grid and Regions
12. Related Documents
Standards, research, and sources referenced by the methodology.
Greenpixie Methodologies
- Greenpixie, Methodology for Cloud Emission Measurement.
- Greenpixie, Methodology for Cloud AI Token Inference Energy, Carbon, and Water Measurement.
Standards and Protocols
- World Resources Institute and WBCSD, The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, Revised Edition, 2004.
- World Resources Institute, GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance: An Amendment to the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard, 2015.
- World Resources Institute and WBCSD, Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard, 2011.
- International Organization for Standardization, ISO 14064-1:2018.
- International Organization for Standardization, ISO/IEC 30134-2:2016.
Grid Operator and Market Data
- Australian Energy Market Operator, Carbon Dioxide Equivalent Intensity Index, accessed September 2026.
- Australian Energy Market Operator, Wholesale Electricity Market Facility SCADA Data, accessed September 2026.
- ENTSO-E, Transparency Platform, Actual Generation per Production Type, accessed September 2026.
- National Energy System Operator, Carbon Intensity API, accessed September 2026.
- RTE, éCO2mix National Generation Data, via Open Data Réseaux Énergies, accessed September 2026.
- United States Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-930 Hourly and Daily Balancing Authority Operations, accessed September 2026.
Modelled National Generation Data
- Ember, Electricity Generation by Fuel, accessed September 2026.
National Inventories and Regulatory Factors
- CLP Power Hong Kong, Electricity Sold Carbon Intensity, accessed September 2026.
- Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Australian National Greenhouse Accounts Factors, accessed September 2026.
- Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canada's Official Greenhouse Gas Inventory, accessed September 2026.
- Government of the Republic of Korea, National Emission Factor Table for Electricity, accessed September 2026.
- ISPRA, Atmospheric Emission Factors of Greenhouse Gases in the National Electricity Sector, accessed September 2026.
- KOBiZE, Emission Factors for Electricity Generation, accessed September 2026.
- Ministry for the Environment, New Zealand Emission Factors for Electricity, accessed September 2026.
- Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia, accessed September 2026.
- Red Eléctrica, CO₂ Emissions Associated with Electricity Generation, accessed September 2026.
- Statistics Sweden, Electricity Supply and Use, accessed September 2026.
- Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland, Energy-Related Emission Factors, accessed September 2026.
- The Green Tank, Lignite Emissions Data from the European Union Emissions Trading System, accessed September 2026.
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Emissions and Generation Resource Integrated Database, accessed September 2026.
Lifecycle and Upstream Emission Factors
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report, 2014.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, 2011.
- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, 2006.
Transmission and Distribution Losses
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, eGRID Summary Tables, accessed September 2026.
- World Bank, Electric Power Transmission and Distribution Losses, Indicator EG.ELC.LOSS.ZS, accessed September 2026.
Cloud Provider Efficiency Disclosure
- Amazon Web Services, AWS PUE Methodology, accessed September 2026.
- Amazon Web Services, AWS Cloud Sustainability, accessed September 2026.
- Google Cloud, Datacentre Efficiency, accessed September 2026.
- Microsoft Azure, Measuring Energy and Water Efficiency for Microsoft Datacenters, accessed September 2026.
Cloud Region Location
- Amazon Web Services, AWS Documentation, accessed September 2026.
- Google Cloud, Google Cloud Documentation, accessed September 2026.
- Microsoft Azure, Azure Documentation, accessed September 2026.
- United States Census Bureau, 2020 Census Place to County Relationship File, accessed September 2026.
Water
- World Resources Institute, Aqueduct 4.0 Water Risk Atlas, accessed September 2026.